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AMERICA STARTS FOR THE MOON: 1957-1963
Project Apollo: Prospects, 1963
Apollo survived the debate of 1963, as it would survive worse troubles
later, but the cut in NASA's budget request (more than 10 percent) left
its mark. The following spring Administrator James Webb would not assure
Congress, as he had in the past, that he was confident the lunar landing
would be accomplished within the decade - only that it was possible, if
everything went well.47
And much could yet go wrong. Spacecraft design and the basic mission
operations plan had been settled and the major contracts had been let.
Years of testing and design refinement lay ahead. An entire project,
Gemini, was still to be conducted, to establish the feasibility of
rendezvous - bringing two spacecraft together in orbit - on which the
success of Apollo depended. In terms of technical milestones, the lunar
landing was still a long way off. The science community had registered
its objections to Apollo, as had other concerned citizens, and the
nation had reaffirmed the commitment asked of it by its late president.
Those same objections would continue to be voiced, but the lunar landing
would remain the major driving force behind the national space program.
One thing that could be clearly seen at the end of 1963 was that manned
space flight had an important interest in reaching some kind of
accommodation with science. Over the next four years NASA officials and
members of the science community worked to establish a program of
scientific exploration that would become the primary purpose of the
later Apollo missions.
47. House Committee on Science and
Astronautics, 1965 NASA Authorization, Hearings on H.R.
9641, 88/2, part 1, p. 10.
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